When opening an example C++ source file, Nova had a hard crash. Any further attempts to open Nova, defaulting to opening that that file, subsequently crashed.
After getting Nova out of this cycle and some additional digging, the core cause seems to be the Icarus extension.
The file in question, when compiled, yields a warning from clang. This offending line, when removed, no longer leads to Nova crashing.
Additionally, leaving the offending line in when disabling Icarus, no longer leads to Nova crashing.